Business Plan for a Startup Business Term Paper

Strategy for a Startup Business - Term Paper Example gers, barbecued chicken burger; side dishes, for example, French fries, green plates of mixed greens; and refreshment things incorporate shakes, espresso, tea alongside orange and lemon juices. The essential focused on gathering of buyers of the proposed food truck business will be youthful grown-up experts, visitors and school/college understudies. With regards to possession, the proposed adventure will be worked by a gathering of three people dropped from their business degree in Al Ain City. As to the current market measurements in the food business, it tends to be evaluated that the versatile food administration or the way toward offering food things through food truck will produce a practical situation with solid monetary execution and brand picture. It is anticipated that the beginning up food truck business may achieve acceptable outcomes in the underlying long stretches of its tasks through considering the above-talked about significant factors viably. The business plan for the proposed food truck business will concentrate on performing direct deals. The methodology of leading direct deals as far as shipping food things will empower the proposed business of food-truck to give quality based nourishments and administrations to every individual or gathering of customers. Besides, the business methodology of the proposed business will likewise accentuate on creating more noteworthy client mindfulness inside the commercial centers of Al Ain City of UAE. The proposed field-tested strategy of Food truck for burgers in Al Ain City UAE will be exceptionally centered around selling quality burgers alongside cheap food things towards picking up consideration of the expanding food-darlings over the city. As per the proposed arrangement, the association will be exceptionally mindful to meet the clients with rising pattern of the changing food propensities alongside their developing advantages on expending wide scope of inexpensive food things independent of various areas in the city. The association will halfway concentrate on structuring an exceptional idea of selling food things through

Criminal Law Essay

Criminal Law Essay Criminal Law Essay CRIMINAL LAW STUDY GUIDE Family unit VICTIMIZATION URBAN PEOPLE FACE HIGHER RISK THAN RURAL PEOPLE, HIGHER HOUSEHOLD INCOME ASSOCIATED WITH HIGHER VICTIMIZATION RATE, HIGHR RATES IN HOUSEHOLDS WITH MORE PEOPLE, SEMI-DETACHED,ROW, AND DUPLEX HOMES FACE THE HIGHEST RATE AND RENTERS FACE HIGHER RATES THAN OWNERS People WHO LIVED IN THEIR HOMES FOR ONLY A SHORT PERIOD OF TIME ARE MORE AT RISK OF VICTIMIZATION MOST VICTIMS LOST UNDER $500 AND MOST ITEMS WERE NEVER RECOVERED Just 3 IN 4 CASES WERE INVESTIGATED BY THE POLICE AND VICTIMS WERE MORE LIKELY TO PARTICIPATE IN VICTIM OFFENDER MEDIATION PROGRAM. Wrongdoing Wrongdoing IS A DETERMINATION OF GUILT IN A CRIMINAL COURT ALSO REFERED TO AS THE â€Å"BLACK LETTER†, IT’S THE VIOLATION OF A CRIMINAL LAW, VIOLATION OF SOCIAL NORMS. THE ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTIC OF CRIME IS THAT Behavior WICH IS PROHIBITD BY THE STATE AS AN INJURY TO THE STATE. Native JUSTICE CRIMINAL CASES IN CANADA GANNON AND MOLHOREAN Feelings Improper ACT Punishable BECARRIA TASERS TASERS STANTS FOR â€Å" THOMAS A. Quick ELECTRIC RIFFLE† HAND HELD WEAPON THAT DELIVERS A JOLT OF ELECTRICITY FROM A DISTANCE INMOBILIZES INDIVIDUALS MUSCLES EFFECTIVE UCR Separation Separation IF THE DIFFERENTIAL TREATMENT BASED ON NEGATIVE JUDGMENTS RELATED TO GROUP MEMBERSHIP. Fundamental DISCRIMINATION-DISCRIMINATION IN ALL ASPECTS OF THE OPERATION OF THE CJS INSTITUTIONAL DISCRIMINATION-DISPITES IN THE OUTCOMES OF POLICIES Logical

Cold Medicine Interactions With Antidepressants

Cold Medicine Interactions With Antidepressants Bipolar Disorder Treatment Medications Print Cold Medicine Interactions With Antidepressants and Bipolar Medication By Kimberly Read Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on December 21, 2015 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 13, 2020 Bipolar Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children Your Rights andresr / Getty Images Earlier today your throat started getting sore, your voice roughing up a bit. By noon you were sneezing and you killed more than half your box of tissues. When you go home from work exhausted and achy you discovered you’re running a fever. Stop! Before taking any over-the-counter cold or flu remedy, you need to be aware of the possible cold medicine interactions with your prescriptions. Psychiatric Medication Interactions With Cold and Flu Remedies Pretty much every class of drug used to treat psychiatric conditionsâ€"antidepressants, antipsychotics, tranquilizers, anticonvulsants, etc.â€"has the potential to interact poorly or even dangerously with the common active ingredients in OTC medications, such as pseudoephedrine, diphenhydramine, dextromethorphan or guaifenesin.?? For example:? MAOI antidepressants should not be taken with any over-the-counter cough or flu medications.??The sedating effects of antipsychotics and tranquilizers can be greatly increased when taken in conjunction with most cough medicines.The list of antidepressants that have major interactions with dextromethorphan is extensive. Should You Stop Psychiatric Prescriptions When You Are Treating a Cold or Flu? No. Many of these medications have withdrawal effects that can make your illness that much worse (consider SSRI discontinuation syndrome).?? And when you are already feeling down and sluggish, slipping into depression is a possibility. It isn’t a good idea to push this risk further by stopping your antidepressant. The most important thing you can do for yourself is to schedule an appointment with your doctor or give your favorite pharmacist a call.?? Your medical professionals can review your list of prescriptions and recommend safe treatments for your cold or flu. Also, there are a number of good old grandma remedies and non-drug options that can help: The ubiquitous “get plenty of rest.”Drink lots of fluids; consider opting for water or sports drinks that are low in sugar.Avoid public areas and minimize contact with others. When your immune system is compromised with one illness, you don’t want to risk picking up another from someone else. (It’s also not very nice to share your illness with others.)??Eat healthy simple foods. (Yep! Grandma’s chicken soup.) You need to keep up your strength, but you don’t want to aggravate a tummy that isn’t feeling well.Hot tea with honey can be soothing.Gargling with warm salt water can decrease swelling and ease the discomfort of a sore throat.??A saline nasal spray may help relieve sinus congestion. So give your doctor a call, take care of yourself, and feel better soon.

Roman Architecture And Its Impact On Modern Architecture

INTRODUCTION As the saying goes â€Å"Rome wasn’t built in a day,† however long it took to build the capital, the days, months, years, centuries of work can be viewed as a long lasting landmark which paved the way for new and challenging architecture to come (How Roman architecture influenced modern architecture [sa]). According to Tony Rook (2013: [sp] ch.2) the typical Roman temple shows the Etruscan tradition combined with the Greek one. Although some of their premature concepts were acquired from the ancient Greeks and Egyptians, Roman architects transformed the body of architecture for all time to come, offering buildings and structures that has never been before, along the side of public buildings and infrastructure that could be used by†¦show more content†¦Romans became more and more concerned with constructing interior space rather than filling it with structural supports. As a consequence, the inside of Roman buildings were as extraordinary as their exteriors. †¢ Building Techniques: Arch, Vault, Dome The Romans engrossed some crucial know-how from the Etruscans. The article states â€Å"this included the â€Å"arch† and the †vault†, which were destined to carry Roman engineering into a development directly away from that of ancient Greece† (Roman architecture [sa]). The vaulting techniques used by the Romans were the simple geometric forms: the groin vault, the segmental vault, and the semi-circular barrel vault. The vault surfaces were customarily covered with stucco or tiles as recommended construction techniques. An excellent example of Roman vaulting is the Basilica of Constantine and Maxentius in Rome. A logical advancement of the vault was the dome, which permitted the construction of vaulted ceilings and the roofing of enormous communal spaces such as public baths and basilicas. The Romans relied massively on the dome for a lot of their architecture, such as the Baths of Diocletian and Hadrians Pantheon and the Baths of Caracalla. The genius by Roman architects and engineers of the arch, vault and dome, improved their evolution of concrete, as well as working out probable problems of grand architecture, which is to bridge space (Roman architecture [sa]). Roofing aShow MoreRelatedAncient Greeks And The Ancient Romans1150 Words   |  5 Pages The Romans had one of the most innovative and influential ancient civilizations. Although arguments can be made for the Ancient Greeks and the Ancient Egyptians, it can be seen that the modern world had adopted many of the values and ideas of the Ancient Romans. The achievements, ideas, and values of the Ancient Romans have had a lasting impact on the modern world. The majority of people don’t know that many of the things they take for granted came from Ancient Rome. Architecture One of theRead MoreAncient Greek And Romes Impact On Western Literature1642 Words   |  7 Pages The impact greek and roman culture had on western civilization The ancient Greeks and Romans were two of the greatest civilizations of the ancient world. The two civilizations thrived in their ancient environments which eventually led to a large amount of wealth within these two cultures. It is because of this that these ancient cultures were able to make a variety of advancements in literature, architecture, art and many other fields. These two civilizations also produced some of the ancient world’sRead MoreHum100 - Artistic Themes from Ancient Cultures: Greece and Rome1237 Words   |  5 Pages It is hard to think of the ancient world without looking at the Greek and Roman empires. Although similar, the Greek and Roman empires are two different cultures. They existed from 500 B.C.E. to 500 C.E. (Fiero, 2006). 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This investigation will have a broad scope while investigating and include things from the Roman Legion to aqueducts and concrete. This investigation will not include technology that was not widely used to better the Roman Empire. The research question will answer my question by conducting researchRead MoreClassical Rome And Classical Greece1498 Words   |  6 Pagesthat Classical Rome has had a bigger impact on many aspects of the contemporary United States. In this essay, I am going to examine the political system, economic system, and the architecture of the Classical Rome Empire, and explain how these influenced the contemporary United States. The political system of Classical Rome was the base of the United States’ political system. 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Roman buildings are what our buildings were derived from, a lot of the art we think of when we see a building was once thought of by the romans, was once built by the romans, and some of these buildings are still standing today, not many, but a few. Now, roman architecture is significant because of how it affected the growth of our architecture, how it evolved changed how weRead More Greek And Roman Influence On Western Civilization Essay581 Words   |  3 Pages Western civilization is what we call modern society that mainly includes North America and Western Europe. But how did this western way of life come to be? Their are many different ways but mainly through ancient cultures. The two main ones are the Greek and Roman. Greece with their golden age and Rome with its great Empire and Republic and also together. Their are many ways in which western civilization is like the ancient Greek civilization. They started the Olympic games. Greeks come

Duke Ellington Essay - 1129 Words

Duke Ellington The Harlem Renaissance was an era full of life, excitement, and activity. The world in all aspects was in gradual recovery from the depression. The world of music was expanding, sharing it’s enthusiasm throughout the world. The evolution of jazz aroused the curiosity of the nation. As Blacks received their freedom, they were able to express themselves as talented individuals. Certain blacks contributed immensely to the era of jazz, for example, Duke Ellington. Ellington entered a brand-new, exciting era as he grew up. As Ellington became an adolescent, the entertainment world was undergoing rapid, change. The change was driven by the deep, persuasive shift in the American spirit. The country was anxious to recover†¦show more content†¦In December 1927, Ellington presented one of the most famous openings in jazz history. During the time of the Harlem Renaissance, everyone had different opinions on the new style of music. Some enjoyed listening to the new style of music while others had a taste for the old, more familiar styles. Ned Williams, who became Ellington’s publicist, commented on Ellington’s first performance at the Cotton Club, â€Å"I can’t say I was too much impressed with the Ellington crew on that visit. It definitely didn’t have the form and polish it acquired later on.† (Collier, 80) The Cotton Club was the ideal setting for the Duke Ellington Orchestra. It’s â€Å"jungle† atmosphere was perfect for the style of music Ellington was expected to play. Ellington remarks about the setting of the club: â€Å"During one period at the Cotton Club, much attention was paid to acts with an African setting, and to accompany these we developed what was termed a ‘jungle style’ jazz† (93) The Cotton Club lost some of its freshness as performers played dazzling, yet emotionless jazz but Ellington brought his own style of music which interested the nation’s people. During the Cotton Club years, the Duke Ellington Orchestra began to win distinction for its thorough musicians and homogeneity. Ellington was fighting to be admired in the popular music business and because of the Cotton Club opportunity, he was.Show MoreRelatedDuke Ellington Essay746 Words   |  3 PagesDuke Elington Duke Ellington was an American jazz bandleader, composer, and pianist. He is thought of as one the greatest figures in jazz. The French government honored him with their highest award, the Legion of Honor, while the government of the United States awarded him with the highest civil honor, the Presidential Medal of Freedom. He played for the royalty and for the common people and by the end of his fifty-year career, he had played over 20,000 performances worldwide. HeRead MoreDuke Ellington Essay1260 Words   |  6 PagesDuke Ellington Duke Ellingtons pre-eminence in jazz is not only because of the very high aesthetic standard of his output and not simply due to his remarkable abilities as a pianist, composer and bandleader, but also to the fact that he has extended the boundaries of jazz more than any other musician, without abandoning the true essence of the music. Perhaps no other American musician left such a massive and challenging legacy in composition and performance. Edward Kennedy Duke EllingtonRead MoreEssay On Duke Ellington1506 Words   |  7 PagesDuke Ellington: 1899-1974 Edward â€Å"Duke† Kennedy Ellington was born April 29, 1899 in Washington, D.C. Duke Ellington was born into a typical family with average income and growing up, the future musician was home-schooled by his parents. His father James Edward Ellington and mother Daisy Kennedy Ellington were both pianist. His father played operatic arias while parlor songs were his mother’s first choice. It is an interesting fact that Duke is not actually Ellington’s name, but it is only hisRead MoreLouis Armstrong And Duke Ellington804 Words   |  4 Pages Throughout jazz there is a couple of ledges that had their hands in the success of the jazz genre as a whole. Louis Armstrong and Duke Ellington are two composters that single handily contributed to the evolution of jazz. Both Louis and Armstrong performed for over fifty years. With this amount of time performing they both touch many eras in jazz. Although Duke was very influential during this time period I like Louie timeline more. Most likely because we are both from New Orleans and I feel closerRead MoreThe Music Of Duke Ellington898 Words   |  4 PagesI attended the Jazz Ensembles Concert, The Music of Duke Ellington, on Wednesday, September 30, 2015 at the Griffin Concert Hall, University Center for the Arts. I was not really sure what to expect since I had never experienced Jazz in a concert hall setting, however, I believe I am still able to make an informed and unbiased review. Not only was this my first Jazz concert, but it was also my first time visiting the University Center for the Arts. I was greeted immediately and with a very welcomingRead MoreWho is Duke Ellington?533 Words   |  2 PagesDuke Ellington was born on April 29, 1899 and died on May 24, 1974. He was born in Washington D.C but later on he moved to New York City. He was an American composer, pianist, and bandleader. He had that career for 50 years. He was known as one of the greatest composers. He had more than two thousand songs that where a hit at that time. He began to play the piano as a child his mom played that piano as well. She over saw his education. Duke played professional at age 17. When he moved to New YorkRead MoreEssay on A Portrait Of Duke Ellington By Tracy Frech1748 Words   |  7 PagesPortrait of Duke Ellington By Tracy Frech Duke Ellington is considered to be one of the greatest figures in the history of American music. Edward Kennedy quot;Dukequot; Ellington was born in Washington D.C. on April 29, 1899. His parents were James Edward and Daisy Kennedy Ellington. They raised Duke as an only child, until his sister, Ruth, was born when Duke was sixteen years old. Duke, even as a teenager, had a great talent for music. In the beginning of his musical life, Duke began to takeRead MoreEssay on A Portrait of Duke Ellington by Tracy Frech1779 Words   |  8 PagesA Portrait of Duke Ellington By Tracy Frech Duke Ellington is considered to be one of the greatest figures in the history of American music. Edward Kennedy Duke Ellington was born in Washington D.C. on April 29, 1899. His parents were James Edward and Daisy Kennedy Ellington. 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Informed and inspired by black church services, gospel music, and everything spiritual, the collaborations between him and Duke Ellington come as no surprise. Ellington’s career also focused on depicting â€Å"the character and mood and feeling of [his] people†, except he executed this artistry through musicianship in composing, conducting, songwriting, and bandleading. Together, they

Role of Social Worker in Non-Profit Long Term Care Free Essays

Several studies have highlighted the efficiency of profit-oriented organizations compared to non-profit organizations. In the nursing homes or long term care facility too, this is no exception, where the profit driven homes are seen to be technically and economically efficient than the non- profit facilities. The operation of the non-profit homes is directed to ensuring that revenues and costs are relatively equal. We will write a custom essay sample on Role of Social Worker in Non-Profit Long Term Care or any similar topic only for you Order Now The non-profit nursing homes, run by government, religious bodies and even by private philanthropic affiliations are not seriously classified for their performance and quality, and are largely categorized together (Knox, Blankmeyer and Stutzman). Research done into staffing levels of profit and non-profit nursing homes however, show that nursing homes in the non-profit sector have higher staffing levels, compared to profit oriented nursing organizations. Literature on nursing homes in the US show that non-profit care facilities have higher number of direct care staff and lower staff turnover rates. It should be noted here that the majority of nursing homes in the US are profit oriented while in Canada, the majority are non-profit care homes (Margaret J et al., 2005). Social workers in health care have addressed the problems and situations associated with illnesses, seeing things in the bigger perspective, while also addressing the immediate concerns. The largest area of focus in social work is perhaps in the health field. Social workers have performed their expected or required roles, and have also raised awareness among other health care professionals to look beyond disease or ailment of the patient; into the psychological and social aspects of the ailment and its treatment (Dhooper, 1997). The responsibilities associated with social work in long-term nursing homes  include tasks with patients and their families, both within and outside the hospital. Most social workers in hospitals are responsible for functions like high risk screening, social and psychological assessments, coordinated patient care, discharge planning and follow up. In long term care facilities, the social worker is required to be aware of the traditional and non traditional social work involvement and their roles, and appropriately examine the most suitable application. The social workers review the evidence base systematically and accordingly develop protocols and recommendations for practice. They encourage academic and practice partnerships and try to identify similar areas of concern, with their medical colleagues. The social workers perform several roles, even beyond that expected of a social service worker. However there is no formal profile of the tasks associated with social worker in nursing home care. The law and regulatory governing are restricted to finding out the presence and absence of the social worker. There is no certification or recognition process to evaluate the contributions of the social worker particularly in the non-profit nursing homes. An important aspect of social work in health setting is assessment, including psychosocial assessment. Client problems need to be assessed to begin treatment intervention, irrespective of the ailment or the people. Assessment helps in gathering, analyzing and evaluating relevant information based on which appropriate treatment strategies are implemented. Sometimes the social worker may be required to service at  homes of clients. Interviewing clients at home, particularly the elderly ones, offers an informal atmosphere and reinforces to the client that he or she is supported and is not left alone (Mellor and Solomon, 1996). Use of client’s first name, hugging, accepting a cup of tea are all part of a professional conduct of a social worker. The social worker is also sought to address psychosocial needs in nursing homes, to treat mental health problems. The social work provider’s perspective in diagnosing and treating anxiety, dementia and depression is considered necessary. Through appropriate in-home interventions, social work providers even ascertain ineffective diagnosis and delivery of inappropriate care.   They address several issues with social relevance like relationship loss, adjustment to environment, terminal care etc. In the non-emergency nursing home admissions, social work personnel carry out the psychosocial assessment of the client during the initial contact. Based on this assessment, the level of required social work involvement, preparation of social work activity and discharge plans are finalized. This assessment also marks the beginning of the patient-social worker relationship. The social worker may at times be required to alert other physicians on existing psychosocial problems, which they should consider before medical interventions. Here the social worker must ensure that patient details or medical history are not breached or misused by anyone having access to it. Preadmission screenings by social workers can reduce unwanted readmissions while also reducing the stay in nursing homes. Discharge planning may be involved with many ethical issues or even legal issues for the social worker. The social worker has a crucial role in sorting conflict between  patient expectations and nursing home obligations. When patients with very little hope of recovery or irreversible conditions are discharged, they and their families consider the nursing home to have abandoned them and experience a loss of hope. Here the social worker, attempts to change this perception by planning for the future through problem solving. The role of social worker in non-profit long term care is highly diverse from being a psychotherapist, social work consultant and a consultant on psychosocial issues. They assist client immensely in their transition to and from long-term care. They associate elders and families to community facilities and services through appropriate brokering, cause and needs advocacy. They help in planning long-term care with the client and their family and resolve issues in finance, legal and social requirements. In care planning, the social service provider needs to develop plans taking into consideration the arrangements and psychosocial support for older persons. The plans, particularly long term care plans must be accommodative of any physical or cognitive changes, as and when it arises. Social workers need to be wise to accept and respect the fact that clients, particularly older clients in long-term care have the right to choose or decide on matters pertaining to their treatment (Vourlekis, et. al, 2005). Social workers also need to be conscious of the ethical issues arising in their work with older clients. Long term care is not just restricted to the caring of elderly people. Long term care can be associated with any age, like even with children having long term health implications. The services provided by social workers are very diverse and is associated with both, a health perspective and a social perspective. The quality of delivery for the health factor is judged based on technical aspects of care like treatment outcomes and evaluation of care process. The quality of social services provided is judged based on the opinion and perception of the users. In contrast to acute care which is associated to restoration of normal health, long term care is more associated in suppressing or preventing further decline in health condition or progress of disability (Gooloo, Wunderlich, Kohler, 2001). Sometime people would adapt to heir disabilities and adverse health conditions and may even begin to depend less on social or medical assistance for a considerably long period of time. The role of social worker in the non-profit long term care is immense and cannot be overlooked. They are involved in all aspects of patient care from assessment to discharge, apart from ensuring their social well being. Given the trend in modern medicine, where newer and sophisticated treatments increase life span, the population of elderly people has been increasing significantly, and more elderly people are likely to seek nursing care for various reasons. Also with newer diseases, associated with developing life styles, food habits, and environment; people are likely to seek more medical intervention for unconventional diseases. Therefore people across all ages and backgrounds seeking medical intervention would have more social implications and social relevance, relying more on the social worker to deliver. REFERENCES Knox K.J., Blankmeyer E.C and Stutzman J.R., (2006) Comparative Performance and Quality among Nonprofit Nursing Facilities in Texas, Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly. Sage Publications [Electronic Version] downloaded on 10th May 2008 from http://nvs.sagepub.com/cgi/reprint/35/4/631 Margaret J et al., (2005) Staffing levels in not-for-profit and for-profit long-term care facilities: Does type of ownership matter? Canadian Medical Association Journal, March 1, 2005 [Electronic Version] downloaded on 10th May 2008 from http://www.cmaj.ca/cgi/content/full/172/5/645 Vourlekis B, Zlotnik J.L, Simons K., (2005) Institute for the advancement of Social Work Research, Evaluating Social Work Services in Nursing Homes: Toward Quality Psychosocial Care [Electronic Version] downloaded on 11th May 2008 from http://www.charityadvantage.com/iaswr/IASWRNursingHome.pdf Dhooper S.S., (1997) Social Work in Health Care in the 21st Century. Sage Publications, London Mellor J and Solomon R., (1996) Geriatric Social Work Education Haworth Press. Gooloo S, Wunderlich, Kohler P.O., (Eds) (2001) Improving the Quality of Long-term Care, National Academies Press How to cite Role of Social Worker in Non-Profit Long Term Care, Essay examples Role of Social Worker in Non-Profit Long Term Care Free Essays Several studies have highlighted the efficiency of profit-oriented organizations compared to non-profit organizations. In the nursing homes or long term care facility too, this is no exception, where the profit driven homes are seen to be technically and economically efficient than the non- profit facilities. The operation of the non-profit homes is directed to ensuring that revenues and costs are relatively equal. We will write a custom essay sample on Role of Social Worker in Non-Profit Long Term Care or any similar topic only for you Order Now The non-profit nursing homes, run by government, religious bodies and even by private philanthropic affiliations are not seriously classified for their performance and quality, and are largely categorized together (Knox, Blankmeyer and Stutzman). Research done into staffing levels of profit and non-profit nursing homes however, show that nursing homes in the non-profit sector have higher staffing levels, compared to profit oriented nursing organizations. Literature on nursing homes in the US show that non-profit care facilities have higher number of direct care staff and lower staff turnover rates. It should be noted here that the majority of nursing homes in the US are profit oriented while in Canada, the majority are non-profit care homes (Margaret J et al., 2005). Social workers in health care have addressed the problems and situations associated with illnesses, seeing things in the bigger perspective, while also addressing the immediate concerns. The largest area of focus in social work is perhaps in the health field. Social workers have performed their expected or required roles, and have also raised awareness among other health care professionals to look beyond disease or ailment of the patient; into the psychological and social aspects of the ailment and its treatment (Dhooper, 1997). The responsibilities associated with social work in long-term nursing homes  include tasks with patients and their families, both within and outside the hospital. Most social workers in hospitals are responsible for functions like high risk screening, social and psychological assessments, coordinated patient care, discharge planning and follow up. In long term care facilities, the social worker is required to be aware of the traditional and non traditional social work involvement and their roles, and appropriately examine the most suitable application. The social workers review the evidence base systematically and accordingly develop protocols and recommendations for practice. They encourage academic and practice partnerships and try to identify similar areas of concern, with their medical colleagues. The social workers perform several roles, even beyond that expected of a social service worker. However there is no formal profile of the tasks associated with social worker in nursing home care. The law and regulatory governing are restricted to finding out the presence and absence of the social worker. There is no certification or recognition process to evaluate the contributions of the social worker particularly in the non-profit nursing homes. An important aspect of social work in health setting is assessment, including psychosocial assessment. Client problems need to be assessed to begin treatment intervention, irrespective of the ailment or the people. Assessment helps in gathering, analyzing and evaluating relevant information based on which appropriate treatment strategies are implemented. Sometimes the social worker may be required to service at  homes of clients. Interviewing clients at home, particularly the elderly ones, offers an informal atmosphere and reinforces to the client that he or she is supported and is not left alone (Mellor and Solomon, 1996). Use of client’s first name, hugging, accepting a cup of tea are all part of a professional conduct of a social worker. The social worker is also sought to address psychosocial needs in nursing homes, to treat mental health problems. The social work provider’s perspective in diagnosing and treating anxiety, dementia and depression is considered necessary. Through appropriate in-home interventions, social work providers even ascertain ineffective diagnosis and delivery of inappropriate care.   They address several issues with social relevance like relationship loss, adjustment to environment, terminal care etc. In the non-emergency nursing home admissions, social work personnel carry out the psychosocial assessment of the client during the initial contact. Based on this assessment, the level of required social work involvement, preparation of social work activity and discharge plans are finalized. This assessment also marks the beginning of the patient-social worker relationship. The social worker may at times be required to alert other physicians on existing psychosocial problems, which they should consider before medical interventions. Here the social worker must ensure that patient details or medical history are not breached or misused by anyone having access to it. Preadmission screenings by social workers can reduce unwanted readmissions while also reducing the stay in nursing homes. Discharge planning may be involved with many ethical issues or even legal issues for the social worker. The social worker has a crucial role in sorting conflict between  patient expectations and nursing home obligations. When patients with very little hope of recovery or irreversible conditions are discharged, they and their families consider the nursing home to have abandoned them and experience a loss of hope. Here the social worker, attempts to change this perception by planning for the future through problem solving. The role of social worker in non-profit long term care is highly diverse from being a psychotherapist, social work consultant and a consultant on psychosocial issues. They assist client immensely in their transition to and from long-term care. They associate elders and families to community facilities and services through appropriate brokering, cause and needs advocacy. They help in planning long-term care with the client and their family and resolve issues in finance, legal and social requirements. In care planning, the social service provider needs to develop plans taking into consideration the arrangements and psychosocial support for older persons. The plans, particularly long term care plans must be accommodative of any physical or cognitive changes, as and when it arises. Social workers need to be wise to accept and respect the fact that clients, particularly older clients in long-term care have the right to choose or decide on matters pertaining to their treatment (Vourlekis, et. al, 2005). Social workers also need to be conscious of the ethical issues arising in their work with older clients. Long term care is not just restricted to the caring of elderly people. Long term care can be associated with any age, like even with children having long term health implications. The services provided by social workers are very diverse and is associated with both, a health perspective and a social perspective. The quality of delivery for the health factor is judged based on technical aspects of care like treatment outcomes and evaluation of care process. The quality of social services provided is judged based on the opinion and perception of the users. In contrast to acute care which is associated to restoration of normal health, long term care is more associated in suppressing or preventing further decline in health condition or progress of disability (Gooloo, Wunderlich, Kohler, 2001). Sometime people would adapt to heir disabilities and adverse health conditions and may even begin to depend less on social or medical assistance for a considerably long period of time. The role of social worker in the non-profit long term care is immense and cannot be overlooked. They are involved in all aspects of patient care from assessment to discharge, apart from ensuring their social well being. Given the trend in modern medicine, where newer and sophisticated treatments increase life span, the population of elderly people has been increasing significantly, and more elderly people are likely to seek nursing care for various reasons. Also with newer diseases, associated with developing life styles, food habits, and environment; people are likely to seek more medical intervention for unconventional diseases. Therefore people across all ages and backgrounds seeking medical intervention would have more social implications and social relevance, relying more on the social worker to deliver. REFERENCES Knox K.J., Blankmeyer E.C and Stutzman J.R., (2006) Comparative Performance and Quality among Nonprofit Nursing Facilities in Texas, Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly. Sage Publications [Electronic Version] downloaded on 10th May 2008 from http://nvs.sagepub.com/cgi/reprint/35/4/631 Margaret J et al., (2005) Staffing levels in not-for-profit and for-profit long-term care facilities: Does type of ownership matter? Canadian Medical Association Journal, March 1, 2005 [Electronic Version] downloaded on 10th May 2008 from http://www.cmaj.ca/cgi/content/full/172/5/645 Vourlekis B, Zlotnik J.L, Simons K., (2005) Institute for the advancement of Social Work Research, Evaluating Social Work Services in Nursing Homes: Toward Quality Psychosocial Care [Electronic Version] downloaded on 11th May 2008 from http://www.charityadvantage.com/iaswr/IASWRNursingHome.pdf Dhooper S.S., (1997) Social Work in Health Care in the 21st Century. Sage Publications, London Mellor J and Solomon R., (1996) Geriatric Social Work Education Haworth Press. Gooloo S, Wunderlich, Kohler P.O., (Eds) (2001) Improving the Quality of Long-term Care, National Academies Press How to cite Role of Social Worker in Non-Profit Long Term Care, Essay examples

Adultery in the Seventeenth Century Essay Example For Students

Adultery in the Seventeenth Century Essay Throughout the history of civilization, most adult humans have foundthat pairing off is the best way to start and raise a family.Everyculture has its own way of treating these pairings from lifelongpartnerships to a promise of just a few years.Some have been made forlove and some for money. In some relationships, both partners are expectedto remain faithful, in others only one is allowed to stray, and sometimesboth members are given a free rein. A lot of this is decided by economicfactors and the amount of stress that each culture puts on the subject ofadultery. During the seventeenth century, the British had a very uniqueway of looking at adultery that had little to do with love and much to dowith money. By looking at Thomas Middletons A Chaste Maid in Cheapsideand several documents from the seventeenth century, one can see whocheated, why they cheated, and some of the possible consequences ofadultery. There are some instincts that people have developed over millennia ofhunting and gathering that are little inconvenient in modern society.Oneof those instincts is the desire to procreate a lot. That is the majorreason why men find it so desirable to cheat on their wives. For a man, itis possible to create a child every time he has sex with a woman as long asits a different woman each time. In early civilizations, men had morestatus if they could provide for more women and their children.Ratherlike a pride of lions, in many early societies, there were a few men whowere in charge of the village or community, and they had access to all thewomen and fathered all the children. In return for being the fathers ofthe next generation, they had to hunt and kill to provide for theirchildren and women (Fisher 87-88). This desire for children hadnt diminished by thetimetheseventeenth century rolled around. In early modern England, men were veryconcerned about fathering children and providing them with an inheritance. In A Chaste Maid in Cheapside, Sir Walter Whorehound and Sir Oliver Kix areboth noblemen who want to have children. Sir Walter keeps the Allwits sothat he may sleep with Mrs. Allwit. Mr. Allwit helps raise the childrenthat his wife has with Sir Walter in exchange for money and goods.SirWalter is actually very protective and jealous of Mrs. Allwits affections. He even asks Mr. Allwit if he were once offering to go to / bed to her(Middleton I.ii.105-6) in a backwards representation of a mans jealousyconcerning his wife. To Sir Walter, it is very important that he knows thechildren are his. He even has a servant that watches the Allwits house tomake sure Mr. Allwit never sleeps with his wife. Sir Oliver and his wife, Lady Kix, are in a different situation. They have money and want to have children Animal Rights Protests EssayBut if adultery is a sin against God, then shouldnt the church dealwith these sinners as they do with others (D.T. 10)?It would certainlymake sense on some levels to leave the punishment of adulterers to thechurch since they hold it as such a terrible crime. However, many realizedthat it would be difficult to discover or prove adultery without aconfession or an eyewitness (D.T. 10). In some cases however, adultery canaffect the legal status of a person. If a woman bears a child that is nother husbands, then that child can be denied any inheritance.Also, thenoblemen of England felt that they should not have to raise and support theillegitimate children of their wives and they definitely shouldnt have topass on their wealth to sons who werent truly theirs. Because of these beliefs, the penalties for people caught committingadultery were extremely harsh. In 1650 Parliament actually passed a lawthat stated:And be it further enactedthat in case any married womanshallbe carnally known by any man (other than her husband, exceptin cases of ravishment) and of such offense or offenses shall beconvicted as aforesaid by confession otherwiseand isherebyadjudged felony, andshall suffer death as in case of felony withoutbenefit of clergy (England 828).For men, the punishment was just as harsh, but only if they were caughtsleeping with a married woman (England 828).Any other extra-maritalaffairs were simply ignored as unimportant.Whats unusual and unfairabout all of this is that a woman can be put to death for sleeping withanyone other than her husband, but other than saying men are not allowed tosleep with other mens wives, this Act makes no mention of a married manand his lovers. One example of this law against adulteress women occurred late in theseventeenth century. The Duke of Norfolks wife, Mary, was accused ofadultery and brought before certain members of Parliament to plead hercase. The Duke and Duchess both brought forth a series of witnessesincluding servants and friends. Several of the Dukes witnesses said theysaw the Duchess in her chambers and undressed while another man was there. They did eventually find her guilty of adultery, but rather than have herexecuted, the members of Parliament let the Duke have a divorce (Norfolk 1-22). So why would anyone confess to adultery when its possible that itwill lead to death? The vast majority of people who would cheat on theirspouses are not the sort of people who feel bad enough about it afterwardto ask Parliament to cut off their heads, so it is highly doubtful thatmany people ever confessed after that particular law was passed. Male or female, rich or poor, it seems that everyone in theseventeenth century had a reason to cheat on his or her spouse.Thecharacters in Middletons A Chaste Maid in Cheapside represent all sides ofthis bizarre web of adulterers and their partners in crime.Men like SirWalter did it to have more children or just for fun. Women like the WelshGentlewoman wanted affection and security. Rich people did it because itwas entertaining and poor people did it for money. Even facing the sort ofconsequences of these actions, many men and quite a few women wereunfaithful to their spouses. There were religious beliefs and laws thatthey ignored for the sake of physical pleasure and desire.Perhaps thereason humans have such a high opinion of fidelity is because it is sodifficult for them to achieve it.

Between That and Which

BETWEEN THAT AND WHICH Having to choose between that and which is one of those tricky little grammar rules that  used to trip me up constantly as I wrote. To spare you the same aggravation, Im sharing the words definitive usage guidelines: 1. That That is used solely in restrictive clauses, meaning it introduces specific, essential information in a sentence. As a general rule of thumb, that is usually used in sentences without commas. For example: The cat that was on the porch slept all day. The shoes that she bought yesterday were very expensive. Both of these sentences contain restrictive dependent clauses, giving us specific information about what is happening. The first sentence â€Å"restricts† the subject â€Å"cat.† It is used to separate the cat on the porch from other cats that may be in the bedroom or on top of the refrigerator. Put another way, you could say that â€Å"only the cat on the porch slept all day.† Same scenario in the second sentence, where that restricts the shoes she bought to yesterday only, and doesn’t include any of the shoes she may have bought on any other day. 2. Which Which is used to introduce a non-restrictive clause, a clause that gives us extra information that may be interesting or incidental but does not define the subject. A fun way to remember this: which clauses can â€Å"fly away like a witch,† meaning they can be cut from the sentence without changing the meaning. In order to form a restrictive clause, use which and insert two commas around the clause. The cat, which was on the porch, slept all day. This sentence tells us essentially the same thing, a cat is sleeping, with one key difference: the cat just happened to be on the porch. Adding the non-restrictive clause gives us extra information about the cat – that he was on the porch – but it does not  alter the meaning of the sentence, â€Å"The cat slept all day.† Notice the commas that bracket off this new information. And you can reconstruct the form in the second example in the same way: The shoes, which she bought yesterday, were very expensive. The reader knows that someone bought shoes; the fact that she bought the shoes yesterday is just an extra piece of information bracketed off from the rest of the sentence. Again, we have commas separating the non-restrictive clause from the rest of the sentence. As a general note, that can NEVER be used in a non-restrictive clause. To say â€Å"The cat, that was on the porch, slept all day,† is incorrect because of the comma usage. Also, when speaking of people, always use who rather than that or which. 3. Combining the Two Don’t be afraid to combine that and which once you have the correct usage down. For example: The shoes that she bought yesterday, which cost more than  $500, were very chic.

Analytical Essay Sample on Dances with Wolves by Michael Blake

Analytical Essay Sample on Dances with Wolves by Michael Blake Michael Blake’s book Dances with Wolves reveals a very exciting story of the territorial war between settlers and Native Americans. The book has a Western setting depicting a frontier from a Native American’s point of view. Blake invites the reader to experience the regular pressure that had initially been placed on American by Settlers. John Dunbar, the major character, is a lieutenant who had initial sympathy for the settlers, links with a tribe belonging to Native Americans. This essay analyses Lieutenant Dunbar’s traits that made him abandon America’s allegiance and be part of the Comanches. Dunbar is a brave man after deciding to be a leader of a troop in a civil war. Instead of having one of his legs face amputation, he decides to take a horse to war and ride next to his enemies where they have a full view of him. He goes into the enemy’s frontline so as to pronounce and face his death. The army belonging to the Union attacks as the confederates gets distracted by the ride Dunbar has decided to take. The war ends as a confederate riot. Dunbar survives the battle and they win the war and Dunbar is considered a hero. His creative nature is evident when he decides to distract the enemies from his troop. He also defends the village and sees them to victory following attacks from a rival tribe known as Pawnee. He is smart when he requests for a position on western frontier, though it is deserted. He is awarded the horse that carried him during the war and his posting as a gift. As a result of his brave trait, he does not leave the island, and he decides to live alone with his horse. His self-assured nature gives him the courage to live in the island though it looked deserted. After arriving at the new post, he finds the frontier in disrepair and abandoned. He is opportunistic of giving â€Å"hope† to the island and makes a â€Å"life† out of the island. He begins restocking and rebuilding the fort and prefers the solitude that has been accorded to him. Dunbar being a friendly and a social person creates friendship with the people of the tribe found in the frontier, where he finds a woman raised by Indians despite her white race. He gets attracted by the customs and the lifestyle of the island dwellers and he begins spending a lot of time with the tribes. For being lovable person he earns respect from the island dwellers and is seen as a hero when he locates buffaloes that were migrating and volunteers to participate in hunting the buffaloes. In addition to this, his befriending nature also extends to animals after he forms some form of friendship with a wolf that he names â€Å"Two Socks† (Blake 120). His non-conversant nature allows him to interact freely with the tribes in the island and get rid of his white-man’s lifestyle. He changed his clothing, identity and mindset. He further befriends and forges relationship that turns out to be romantic with a white woman from the frontier tribe. Dunbar is realistic depicting high intelligence in the way he manages his life as well as the life of others. Due to his sympathetic character, Dunbar rescues the white woman who was injured. His compassion attribute causes him to understand the pain tribe is experiencing when they are confronted with the Pawnee community. He also portrays a cooperative nature when he decides to work together with the community in times of war and when hunting for the buffaloes. His cooperative nature is also evident when gets along with the tribe as well as with its culture. Dunbar is loyal and has a citizenship-type of a character when he turns down the offer by Americans to serve in their army. The American army requests Dunbar to serve as an interpreter in helping them understand the local tribe’s language. When he rejects their offer, he is put on trial, and charged for treason, and they transport him back to the east as a prisoner. His courageous nature is also seen when he does not fal ter even after being threatened with deployment to face trial charges. Dunbar’s excellence nature is attributed to the victory his accomplices have witnessed. Dunbar is also industrious seen in the way he reconstructs the island and tries to reshape it from its ruin. His leadership skill allows him to lead his troops twice in a battle where they did not concede defeat. He showed them the â€Å"way†, and this influenced his troops to follow his example. In conclusion, the shift portrayed in the story is what makes the story so unique and unusual, as the antagonist turns out to be the protagonist. As the story begins, Blake depicts the Indians as protagonists after the warriors originating from the Pawnee tribe murder Timmons, who was Dunbar’s escort. This makes a reader have an impression of how all Native Americans are cruel and evil savages. As the book progresses, Indians turn out to be the protagonists after Comanche reconciles with Dunbar, and Blake describes them as colonization’s victims. The love twist that unfolds between Lieutenant Dunbar and his lover makes this book worth reading. Dunbar has various character traits that enable him to â€Å"fit† and accept the Comanche tribe and join them. Dunbar’s bravery trait made his troop win the war and as a result, he was positioned at the frontier as a gift accorded to him. This accord made him experience a new whole tribe in a deserted fort. His lead ership skill â€Å"blends† well with his bravery character, in leading the two groups to victory during the war. His bravery nature is one of the things that attract the Comanches to him and because of this he is awarded respect. First and foremost, he leads the Comanches to victory against their foes the Pawnees, and he later joins them in the hunt for the migrating buffaloes. His cooperative nature is another attribute he depicts after agreeing to join hand with the community in searching for the buffaloes. He has a friendly nature seen in the way he befriends the community, a wolf and the woman whom he turns out to have feelings for resulting in a romantic relationship. As the story comes to an end, Dunbar shows the loyalty and the citizenship after turning down the American army’s offer to together with them in interpreting the Comanches language. Despite the fact that the American army threatened him with trial charges for trespass and treason, Dunbar does not yie ld to their request. They then transfer him to the eastern side where he is to face trial, but he is rescued by the Sioux. If you need a custom written essay on Dances with Wolves topic you can buy essays online at CustomWritings.com. Our professional writers will help you with writing essays on any topics!

Evolutionists and Creationists fight over Genesis.. Explain why Term Paper

Evolutionists and Creationists fight over Genesis.. Explain why neither is correct - Term Paper Example nation of the diversity of life on planet earth and the other voicing, just as vehemently, that the origin of life lies within a divine and literal creation as lain out in the book of Genesis (Daggers 2010). However, as one might expect, due to the absolutist interpretations of both camps, there is little room left for a third path. What is most interesting with respect to this is the fact that although modern Western Christianity leaves little room for an alternate interpretation, the less common and less practiced forms of Eastern Christianity have a perfectly logical explanation for the origin of life that is neither entirely at odds with the science of evolution nor the belief in the Old Testament (Grà ¤b 2012). The key differential between Eastern and Western forms of Christianity lies in the interpretation of the Old Testament. As with most schisms and theological developments that have taken place over the millennia, the Eastern branches of Christianity most often clung to the idea that the stories related in the Old Testament were a combination of both spiritual and literal meaning (Haskell 2012). In such a way, the level fo which each and every text must be interpreted was allowed to have a degree of liberalism. As compared to their Western Christian counterparts, the Eastern branches of Christianity did not insist that each and every text represented a literal truism that must be accepted (Adelin Jà ¸rgensen 2011). Due to this level of interpretation, theories such as the theory of evolution and Christianity, at least in the Eastern Christian understanding, can readily exist at the same time. In such a way, one does not have to suspend belief in order to understand the scientific pro ofs and evidence that have been presented with regards to evolution. In the same way, one does not have to suspend faith in order to accept seemingly disjoint and/or illogical sections of the Old Testament. The key differential between Eastern and Western branches of

The corporate social responsibility of Formosa Plastic Corporation Essay

The corporate social responsibility of Formosa Plastic Corporation - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that in pursuit of environmental protection, Formosa Plastics Corporation adheres to initiatives that are targeted towards improving the environment. For example, the corporation in the areas of energy and water conservation invested about the US $ 0.57 billion from 1999 to 2012, which saw the completion of more than 6,356 improvement projects. This enabled the corporation to save 287,000 tons in terms of daily water usage and decreased carbon-dioxide emissions by about 8.064 million tons yearly. The corporation intends to implement another 772 improvement projects in the future. This will save about another 13,000 tons of projected daily water usage and lower carbon-dioxide emissions yearly emissions by another 1.371 tons. The corporation prevents and proactively controls pollution in all stages of its manufacturing processes. It has established comprehensive garbage classifications and kitchen waste recycling initiative. The corporation h as established Formosa Environmental Technology initiative that recycles kitchen waste into organic fertilizers for growing organic vegetables and fruits. The corporation’s management understands the fact that there is need to give back to the society. The corporation understands that in the region they operate there is lack of medical and industrial talent, which has resulted in substandard healthcare resources.

Accounting Essays Tax Evasion Popularity

Accounting Essays Tax Evasion Popularity Tax evasion is a national pastime that is growing ever more popular. Nick Montague defines taxation as the means by which a civilised society performs that sometimes-uncivil task of taking money from one group in order to give it to another. This definition highlights an important purpose served by taxes. As it is already known, that taxes are a fiscal policy instrument used by the government to achieve broad macroeconomic goals. Generally speaking, taxes are a means used by the government to provide its residents with amenities and facilities like hospitals, safety and education. Thus, any shortage in revenue means that the people wouldnt be able to avail the benefits. From this perspective, as law-abiding citizens, it is imperative for people and corporations to pay taxes. Despite, this common knowledge, tax evasion is prevalent in the society, even worse, individuals and corporations go through great length to devise tactics of evading taxes. The main reason why individuals and corporations engage in tax evasion activities is that it increases the level of disposable income and profits respectively. Tax evasion is defined as the failure to meet tax liabilities by illegal action, such as not declaring income. Needless to say tax evasion is a criminal offence. Prior to starting a discussion on tax evasion it would be essential to briefly highlight that in the UK, tax administration is divided between two departments of state, the Inland Revenue and Customs and Excise. The Inland Revenue administers Income Tax, Corporation Tax (on company profits), Capital Gains Tax, petroleum taxation (relating to oil exploration and extraction in the UK and surrounding waters) and Stamp Duties (e.g. on land transactions). The levying of VAT, tax on gambling and customs and excise duties is the responsibility of the Customs and Excise Department. In addition to these two revenue departments, local authorities levy the new Community Charge (poll tax) and the Department of Social Security is responsible for national insurance contributions. Often tax evasion is confused with tax avoidance. According to Denis Healey, former UK Chancellor of the Exchequer: The difference between tax avoidance and tax evasion is the hickness of a prison wall. This paper will aim to present an in depth analysis of why individuals/companies engage in tax evasion. It will also analyse whether the self-assessment system encourages or discourages tax evasion. And, finally the paper will conclude by evaluating the efforts made by the government to combat tax evasion. It must be highlighted that taxation is used for many other purposes than raising revenue. Some writers have argued that the purpose of taxation can also be seen as an instrument of economic and social policy to influence behaviour. In other words, it can therefore be the intention of the tax that it is avoided. For example, it has been argued that higher taxes on alcoholic drinks (Cook and Moore, 1994, Irving and Sims, 1993) and tobacco (Viscusi, 1994) would reduce the consumption of those products and lead to improvements in the health of the population. In the UK, Inland Revenue has, traditionally, had a deferential approach towards income. With the introduction of self-assessment system from 1996/7 there has been a movement away from that stance in recent years. Evasion of taxes Tax evasion analysis typically assumes that evasion involves individual taxpayers responding to some given policies. However, evading taxes could require the collaboration of at least two taxpayers. Detection depends on the costly avoidance activities of both transacting partners. An increase in sanctions leads to a direct increase in the expected cost of a transaction in the illegal sector, but it may also increase the incentive for the partners to cooperate in avoiding detection. The total cost of transacting in the illegal sector can fall, and tax evasion may increase. Most countries tend to follow a progressive taxation system, more the income more tax would be levied. From this perspective it might appear that it is unfair for the government to levy more taxes on individuals/companies for generating more income for the economy and themselves. However, it must be a noted that in addition to boosting the economy, it is governments responsibility to think about economic development and welfare of everyone. They have to balance economic growth and economic development. This concept has been debated and the viewpoint of unfairness of the tax system has led parties to evade them, in other words, discovering ways and means of not paying the dues to the government. Research studies conducted to find out the extent of the UK black market economy indicate that it has increased. The number of unincorporated business accounts and company accounts received annually by the Inland Revenue have increased from 2m to 2.25 million and from under 600,000 to nearly 700,000 respectively between 1984/85 and 1988/89 alone (Inland Revenue, 131st Annual Report, 1989). Surveys conducted by Brown, Levin, Rosa and Ulph (1984) concluded that about 5% of workers in Britain held two or more jobs and that the income tax lost from second job tax evasion probably amounted to around 1.1% of income tax receipts or 0.3% of national income. Their survey excluded evasion by persons who have only one job (which includes large numbers of the self employed), Capital Gains Tax and VAT evasion, and evasion of tax by companies. In response to deterring people from engaging in tax evasion, Inland Revenue introduced the self-assessment system, very simply, is a way of working out and paying tax. As required by the Inland Revenue (IR), self-employed people, company directors, minister of religion are required to fill up the self-assessment form at the end of every tax year. Supporting documents are provided to make it easier for the people to fill up the form and submit it. With the improvement in technology, IR offers business services for employers, individuals, contractors, companies and agents, option to fill up the forms online, which ensures automatic tax calculation, quicker repayment, and online acknowledgement which is safe and secure. Thus, IR is removing any possibility of hassle and introducing the convenience factor to make people comply with the tax requirements. Many initiatives have been taken to combat tax evasion. In the UK, for instance, attempts are being made to increase co-operation between the Inland Revenue and Customs and Excise. This has involved joint policy consultation and improvements in exchanging information. One particular initiative has been to set up a joint unit to provide a single source of information and advice for businesses facing financial difficulties and who wish to enter into voluntary arrangements. A step in this direction has been that of the European Union Savings Directive. It aims to counter cross border tax evasion by collecting and exchanging information about foreign resident individuals receiving savings income outside their resident state. The Government believes that exchange of information between tax authorities is the best way to ensure that individuals pay the right amount of tax on cross-border income from savings. The Government therefore supports the Directive, the ultimate aim of which is effective taxation by exchange of information. The above is a major step towards decreasing evasion of tax. The above highlights the importance of transparency in accounts and benefits of sharing information across the countries. Introducing VAT was also an attempt towards tax harmonisation and making it more difficult for companies to evade tax. The recent scandals of Enron and Parmalat have highlighted the importance of having transparency. VAT was introduced to combat cheating, smuggling and minimise tax evasion. The same principle was behind harmonising VAT in the EU one of the advantages was the limited possibility for fraud in the supply chain. However, it was found that VAT system was used to systematically defraud tax administrations. Despite the efforts made to minimise tax evasion, fraudsters have detected the inherent weaknesses that exist in the controls exercised and have been exploiting those weaknesses for their own financial gain. It was found that with the introduction of the VAT and intrastate system, compliance costs had been reduced by approximately two-thirds. It is a known fact that taxes in any form, whether direct or indirect, is a source of revenue for the government. Government tends to use tax money either from individuals or businesses to fund various country development projects and work towards providing a better living condition to its citizens. While this is an idealistic picture about the motive of the government, in reality, people tend to evade taxes for many reasons. It has been a subject of constant debate to find out the best measure or basis for taxation and the latest taxation system for indirect tax is the consumption base. It has been argued that it would more suitable to charge taxes based on the consumption made. VAT is the tax system which follows the above mentioned tax base. The purpose was not only to curb tax evasion but also be an efficient model for taxation. The European model of the VAT system has been applauded and adopted by many countries as it is a common belief that VAT system based on the European mode l provides least possible way of evading tax because it has a system of invoicing which helps in establishing an audit trail. Authors like Cnossen have listed the various advantages associated with the following the VAT system. Amongst other things, to ensure that tax evasion is minimised, the government needs to look into improving tax compliance. The following pointers were suggested to improve tax compliance: Training employees so that they have an understanding of the entire system of tax administration. There should be better publicity about how the tax system works, the benefits derived from complying with the tax system and how the IRS deals with abuses of the system. Making the procedure automatic to eliminate any possibility of reducing unscrupulous practice. Simplification and fairness is required because continuous changes and complexity in tax law have a negative effect on compliance. Also the law should be applied consistently. Organisational structure should be arranged so that taxpayers issues or problems can be resolved through a single point of contact. There is also a need for specialisation so that expertise of particular industries may be developed to improve dealings with taxpayers and there should be better customer service. Better and increased cooperation with state, local and foreign governments is required to tackle the problem. More assistance should be provided for small businesses to help them comply and increase their awareness levels. Coordination of compliance efforts would be required and incentives must be provided when people comply and penalties must be imposed when people evade taxes. A more organised approach to influence legislation A sense of responsibility must be inculcated in the people towards taxes. It is easier to get something done when people take responsibility towards it. Inland Revenue faces problems to tackle the problem due to shortage in trained tax inspectors, reflecting the departments more general difficulty in recruiting and retaining staff. Research studies conducted in this area have indicated that people tend to move towards the private sector where pay and conditions are perceived to be better. The department believes that the situation can only improve when there is more political commitment in Government to tackling evasion, supported by the allocation of the necessary resources to pay inspectors competitive salaries. Conclusion In summary it can be said that though steps have been take to minimise tax evasion yet it exists and continues to exist. Despite the efforts made towards curbing it, there will always be elements in the society who would come up with mechanisms to defeat the system. The challenge therefore lies in keeping up the efforts to minimise tax evasion. As individuals taxes must be paid accurately and as corporations ethical business practices would ensure that illegal activities like tax evasion could be kept at bay. Thus in conclusion it can be said that even though tax evasion appears to be a national pastime that is growing ever popular, measures are being devised to combat it. BIBLIOGRAPHY Melville, A. Taxation: Finance Act 2004, 10th Edition, (2004), Financial Times, Prentice Hall, London El-Agraa, A.M., The European Union Economics and Policies, (2001), Sixth Edition, Prentice Hall. Gwartney, J.D., Stroup, R.L., and Sobel, Russell, S. Economics Public and Private Choice, (2000), Ninth edition, Dryden Press JOURNALS AND ARTCILES Agha, A. and Haughton, J. (1996), Designing VAT Systems: Some Efficiency Considerations, The Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 78 (2) pp 303-308 Joumard, I. (2001), Tax Systems in European Union Countries, OECD Working papers ECO/WKP(2001)27 Nam, C.W., Parsche, R. and Schaden, B. (2001), Measurement of Value Added Tax Evasion in Selected EU countries on the basis of National Accounts Data, CESInfo Working Papers 431. Ohsawa, Yoshiaki (2003), A Spatial tax harmonisation model, European Economic Review 47, pp 443-459 Scabrosetti, S. (2002), Tax System and Reforms in Europe: France, Societa Italiana di economica pubblica, Working papers 186/2002 Shoup, C.S. (1957), Some distinguishing characteristics of the British, French, and United States Public Finance System, American Economic Review, Vol. 47 (2) pp 187-197 Verwaal, E. and Cnossen, S (2002), Europes new border taxes, JCMS Vol. 40 (2), pp 309-330 Entrepreneurship and Growth: Tax Issues, (2002) Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry. OECD. Indirect Tax Treatment of Financial Services and Instruments, (1998), Report of the OECD

Unit 19 P3

P3 – Plan marketing for a micro start-up business that is relevant to customer needs a) Marketing definition and opportunity At East Side we understand that we cannot sell to the whole market, but by knowing the size and trends in the market we will be able to assess future opportunities and predict future sales patterns. The people who will buy from us include middle class – professional people, these individuals can be either high earners or those on a budget. b) Proposed target marketing segments Age 20-45 years SexMale/Female OccupationProfessional people/middle class Income? 18,000 and above ) Demand for product The reasons for demand of our products include: The area is just developing due to the construction of the London Luton Airport. It will benefit from the boost in tourist – those self-catering tourist who will require our services and due to our strategic location consumers must shop as there are no other routes to and from the Airport. d) Competitio n There are many rivals offering similar products and services, in an effort to attract customers and be different our consumers will be able to shop in spacious air conditioned comfort. * Leaflets will also be place in the weekly newspaper. Flyers will also be distributed and interested parties can make an order through the contact details on the flyer. * Our sales team covers every village and town. * We are open 24/7 and do home deliveries to our customers * Loyalty cards which offer benefits to loyal customers Also a unique feature of East side is the meat department which is the walk-in refrigerated cooler. It is an experience like no other. Customers can stroll through isles of the largest selections of bulk meats, fresh cut meats and provisions; a customer can always be assured to find their favourite cuts.A customer can select a bulk item and have it custom cut by our experienced butcher at no additional charge. e) How success will be measured To ensure that our marketing ef forts were successful, East Side will check performance in: * Stock turnover – this will enable us to identify which items or services are slow to sell and which are very popular and to review the product mix effectively. * Customer satisfaction – if customers are happy this in turn will generate more sales, we will review all complaints and comments and their views on our prices and other improvements they may want us to make. Sales levels – a monthly analysis will help our business to identify patterns in sales and show when we need to take action to boost sales. * The amount of new customers who visit the business f) Other external influences Government regulations All VAT (Value Added Tax) will be paid over to the Government. This can create cash flow problem for the business, because all VAT is payable on all sales, including credit sales, which means that the business has to pay over VAT before the money is actually collected from the customer.If the busin ess fails to pay the VAT, then eventually the Government will send authorities to insist on payments or face legal actions. Ethical Issues Expiry Dates: All expired products will be removed from the shelves and will be disposed of according to local and international guidelines. Expired goods on the shelves can ruin the reputation of the business and drive away customers. It can also be dangerous to our health. Trends * People eating healthier will affect what you stock. There has been an increase in more healthful products being marketed by the major food companies than ever before. Pricing will be stable and somewhat boring compared to prior year price swings. * Private label will continue to gain market share compared to branded products. P4 – Plan a costed promotional activity for a micro start-up business that is appropriate for customer groups a) Coordinating with the rest of the marketing mix Promotion is a very important part of the marketing mix. In an effort to incl ude the other aspects of the marketing mix to reach our target customers we will do research to identify which products target customers need and will buy.Offering these will increase sales and profits. Offering products no one wants or which have expensive or unnecessary features will do the opposite. We have to decide on a price, this is the amount of money customers must exchange for the product or service. Price is a key element of the marketing mix as it generates income for the organization. All other elements of the mix incur costs. Therefore, the pricing decision is critical to the success of the organization. Finally, we have to decide where and how the products and services should be placed. b) Image to be developedThe image our promotional plan will reflect is that we are an environmentally friendly business providing for but not limited to the needs of middle class people. c) Costs and schedule for the campaign A chap an effective way our business will get noticed is by advertising on our business vehicle. We are a small business therefore we will have to spend the available money wisely. We will also advertise through the local newspaper and the internet, this will be very beneficial as both methods are relatively inexpensive newspapers provide timely information and the internet can be directly involved with promotional activities.Schedule for the campaign: The purpose of the promotional campaign is to make the public aware of the launch of our new business. This campaign will start on Monday 16th April and run for two weeks ending on the 30th April 2012. d) Types of promotional materials Not all promotional materials will attract the same customer group, this is why East Side will use different promotional methods to attract more customer groups. After studying the buying habits of our target customers and where they look for information.It was observed that a poster attracts the attention of the travelling public, leaflets are preferred when pr omoting a local service and a large amount of people will look for information online. e) Nature of the promotional materials The aim of our promotional materials is to attract attention and interest. Effective colour and wording helps to reflect the image of the business, this is why we will hire professional graphic designers to help us devise a style for our business stationery and marketing materials. This will ensure they are easily recognizable and reflect the right image. ) Name of the business The names of the business will be East Side this is because no one else has this name. The name is appropriate as it is not offensive in any way and does not already exist as a recognized brand. It will also be easy for our customers to remember. g) Ideas for branding At East Side we would like to develop a brand, this would be a major asset for us because it will help people to remember our business and if we provide a good service, it wll associate specific qualities such as, reliabi lity, value for money, honesty and professional expertise.It will also save money on marketing in the long run since customers stay loyal to a brand they know and trust. h) Website design and functionality East Side will have some presence on the internet. This will be a quite basic site which simply summarizes what we offer and where we are. The website will be very user friendly; there is a search facility where, if customers know the name or type of product they are looking for it can be easily found. We will promote our website by placing the address on all stationery and the company vehicle. ) Reasons why the promotional materials are appropriate The promotional materials will be appropriate since our target customers group is people aged between 18 and 40, these more mature individuals are more likely to read newspapers and search online for information. j) Measuring the success of promotions The success of East Side’s promotions will be measured by; the number of new e nquires received by phone or email, the number of new customers who visit the business and sales levels. The cost of each promotion will also be taken into account. If the cost is high but the benefit will be small, then an alternative method will be found.

Advertising Victoria’s Secret Essay

Victoria’s Secret is a retail seller of women’s clothing and beauty goods, but is most familiar as a dealer of lingerie. Victoria’s Secret had retailing of more than US$ 2.6 billion through their over 900 retail stores in the U.S. in 2005. In Joseph Jaffe’s â€Å"Life After the 30-Second Spot,† he looks at how the mode that most companies and organizations believe is the best way to get their point crosswise to customers and projection – television advertisements. It is significant to note that it’s not that the ads aren’t imaginative, inventive, or are not talking the verbal communication of the spectator – no less than for the most part – that has sourced the need for a â€Å"life after† this type of marketing, it’s the empowerment of all of us in the marketplace, letting the people â€Å"call the shots† for maybe the first time in a long, long while. Victoria’s Secret was six money losing lingerie stores and a successful catalog when Wexner bought the company in 1982. It was a business aimed at making men comfortable buying lingerie. But what Wexner saw was an essential appeal to women. From its inception, Victoria’s Secret’s telephone operators were trained to be soothingly supportive when embarrassed males called. You don’t know your lady’s bra size? No problem. Do you know where she keeps them? Okay, look on the edge of the strap and it will tell you the size. Today almost exclusively women for women who are mainly buying to please themselves run Victoria’s Secret. Doing only $7 million when Wexner bought it, the business grossed nearly $1.8 billion in 2003, two-thirds from the stores. Wexner was at his best, grasping the potential of Victoria’s Secret and then realizing that potential. He created stores that enhanced a mood: pretty but not overtly sexy, with satin nightgowns hung on the walls, a color-coordinated spread of undergarments on tables and plenty of room to mill about on thick carpeting. Thus coddled, the Victoria’s Secret customer buys eight to ten bras a year; the typical American woman buys two. â€Å"We’ve made women consider the bra and panty part of their fashion wardrobe,† says Grace Nichols, 48, chief executive of Victoria’s Secret stores. A woman buys an aqua satin bra from Victoria’s Secret in the same way she buys a new lipstick color, to cheer up, to feel better or to indulge herself. â€Å"Narcissism is real,† says Wexner. â€Å"It’s the key to the business.† The stores and catalog arc now run separately and carry mostly different goods, with only about 5% overlap. But they reinforce each other. FORBES estimates between 200 million and 240 million catalogs are mailed to 10 million people–with some getting as many as 45 catalogs a year. As much as generating mail-order and 800-number business, the catalogs stimulate women to visit the stores. â€Å"We’re in the customer’s face on a regular basis,† Nichols says. She has plans to go from 600 Victoria’s Secret stores to as many as 1,000 stores, adding 50 a year, even without expanding abroad. Six years ago Victoria’s Secret introduced a line of scented bath gels, soaps and lotions. â€Å"These products are indulgence-oriented, so we saw a great emotional marriage between the two products,† says Nichols. The line now constitutes $180 million in revenues and 15% of sales, with better than 50% gross margins. Not rock music but Vivaldi and Beethoven pour softly from the loud-speakers in Victoria’s Secret stores. Customers started requesting tapes and CDs. Why not? Since 1989 the stores have sold more than 10 million tapes and CDs, recorded by the London Symphony Orchestra for the Victoria’s Secret label. Cynthia Fedus, chief executive of the catalog operation since 1988, also made major changes. Out went the steamy shots of scantily dad males and females grappling, ogling or embracing each other that were common under her male predecessor. In came a mannered, aristocratic look with British affectations. Though headquartered in New York, the catalog first listed a London address on the cover. But when people started showing up at that address, an administrative office, it was dropped. The catalog still states a price in pounds. â€Å"It became aspirational, with older models posing in rich-looking, lovely settings,† she says. Sales doubled her first year, to more than $100 million. Fedus also added to the lingerie a line of sportswear and evening wear, which has become 60% of sales. A supplemental swimwear issue debuted, bringing in $12 million in sales. There followed a country issue with rustic clothing and Timberland shoes. Leslie Wexner has always understood that retailing and show business are first cousins. Victoria’s Secret has become a powerful mainstream retailing brand image. Why. Those with a taste for pop psychology speculate that professional women, denied highly feminine clothes at the office, want to wear ultra-feminine garments underneath. Such talk bores pragmatic Nichols. â€Å"I could tell you any bullshit you want to hear,† she snaps, â€Å"but you’ll find the [lingerie] category hasn’t grown; we’ve just grabbed market share.† Victoria’s Secret has aided; perchance more than any other product attract notice to the lingerie industry. Their advertising operations, together with the Victoria’s Secret Lingerie Catalog and Victoria’s Secret Fashion Show are visually attractive and contentious. The notice received by Victoria’s Secret for their violent advertising campaigns has produced invaluable rumor and media bytes to further augment the Victoria’s Secret brand. References Joseph Jaffe, 2005, Life After the 30-Second Spot: Energize Your Brand With a Bold Mix of Alternatives to Traditional, Publisher: John Wiley ; Sons Inc

In the novel Dracula by Bram Stoker There are many...

In the novel Dracula by Bram Stoker There are many characters but there is only one specific character that stands out from the rest and that character is count Dracula, while the rest of the characters are good. Dracula is an evil person. Dracula kills for a living in order to survive but he is also the main point of the novel he is probably the most important character in the novel. But how can you tell Dracula is the most important character in the novel? Well, simply because Bram Stoker chose to include Draculas name as his title of his novel meaning that Dracula is indeed the main point of the novel, making him stand out more than everybody else in the novel. â€Å"Well I know that, did I move and speak in your London, none there are†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ËœAll along, since his coming, been trying his power, slowly but surely; the big child brain of his is working† Bram Stoker also made him the most powerful character in the novel but that does not mean did not have its weaknesses but yet he still gets more powerful as he kills. When the Count saw my face, his eyes blazed with a sort of demoniac fury, and he suddenly made a grab at my throat. I drew away, and his hand touched the string of beads which held the crucifix. It made an instant change in him, for the fury passed so quickly that I could hardly believe that it was ever there. (Chapter 2, pg.28) The purpose of Dracula is to create fear in the reader and to make the novel a bit more intense to the reader. But yet all information Bram Stoker gives us we still do not know everything about Dracula. Yes, we know he is evil but Dracula still is a very mysterious character in the novel. All we know about Dracula is that he is evil and his purpose is to take over the world as he has done for many years and taken the blood of many brave races in his past. in [his] veins flows the blood of many brave races (p. 28). Stoker takes a significant of blood and twist the meaning into his own me aning of blood. â€Å"The blood is the life!† (171:12) Dracula has become a very important role. 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